Health Belief Model as Students' Perspective Framework Regarding Covid-19 Prevention
Main Article Content
The Covid-19 epidemic have a significant risk to the public's health. The Covid-19 infection spreads swiftly and affects people of all ages. The implementation of health guidelines among students and how students feel they can complete the Covid-19 procedure cannot be separated. The goals of this study is to ascertain how students view Covid-19 prevention from the viewpoint of the Health Belief Model. This research used a descriptive survey with a sample size of 170 respondents and the sampling method is purposive sampling. Descriptive analysis of the components of HBM perceived severity category is quite good (90.0%), perceived barriers is a quite good category (68.2%), perceived benefits is found to be in a quite good category (77.6%), health motivation is in quite a good category (81.2%) and it can be seen that the perception of vulnerability (55.9%) and perception of cues to act (56.5%) was quite good. Positive perceptions include student perceptions of the Health Belief Model's effectiveness in preventing COVID-19, which are rated as being quite good. Therefore, it is envisaged that linked parties would be able to enhance health promotion initiatives for the Covid-19 prevention procedure, both directly and through media like posters put up around campuses
ACOG. (2012). Medically Indicated Late-Preterm and Early-Term Deliveries. Committee on Obstetric Practice Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, 133(764), 151–155. http://journals.lww.com/greenjournal
Afro, R. C., Isfiya, A., & Rochmah, T. N. (2021). Analisis Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kepatuhan Terhadap Protokol Kesehatan Saat Pandemi Covid-19 Pada Masyarakat Jawa Timur: Pendekatan Health Belief Model. Journal of Community Mental Health and Public Policy, 3(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.51602/cmhp.v3i1.43
Akhter, S., Robbins, M., Curtis, P., Hinshaw, B., & Wells, E. M. (2022). Online survey of university students’ perception, awareness and adherence to COVID-19 prevention measures. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13356-w
Al-Hanawi, M. K., Angawi, K., Alshareef, N., Qattan, A. M. N., Helmy, H. Z., Abudawood, Y., Alqurashi, M., Kattan, W. M., Kadasah, N. A., Chirwa, G. C., & Alsharqi, O. (2020). Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Toward COVID-19 Among the Public in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Frontiers in Public Health, 8(May), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00217
Al-Sabbagh, M. Q., Al-Ani, A., Mafrachi, B., Siyam, A., Isleem, U., Massad, F. I., Alsabbagh, Q., & Abufaraj, M. (2022). Predictors of adherence with home quarantine during COVID-19 crisis: the case of health belief model. Psychology, Health and Medicine, 27(1), 215–227. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2021.1871770
Alagili, D. E., & Bamashmous, M. (2021). The Health Belief Model as an explanatory framework for COVID-19 prevention practices. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 14(10), 1398–1403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.024
Albaqawi, H. M., Alquwez, N., Balay-odao, E., Bajet, J. B., Alabdulaziz, H., Alsolami, F., Tumala, R. B., Alsharari, A. F., Tork, H. M. M., Felemban, E. M., & Cruz, J. P. (2020). Nursing Students’ Perceptions, Knowledge, and Preventive Behaviors Toward COVID-19: A Multi-University Study. Frontiers in Public Health, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.573390
Ammar, A., Brach, M., Trabelsi, K., Chtourou, H., Boukhris, O., Masmoudi, L., Bouaziz, B., Bentlage, E., How, D., Ahmed, M., Müller, P., Müller, N., Aloui, A., & Hammouda, O. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 Home Confinement on Eating Behaviour and Physical Activity : Results of the. Nutrients, 12(1583), 13.
Baig, M., Jameel, T., Alzahrani, S. H., Mirza, A. A., Gazzaz, Z. J., Ahmad, T., Baig, F., & Almurashi, S. H. (2020). Predictors of misconceptions, knowledge, attitudes, and practices of COVID-19 pandemic among a sample of Saudi population. PLoS ONE, 15(12 December), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243526
Bates, B. R., Moncayo, A. L., Costales, J. A., Herrera-Cespedes, C. A., & Grijalva, M. J. (2020). Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Towards COVID-19 Among Ecuadorians During the Outbreak: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey. Journal of Community Health, 45(6), 1158–1167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-020-00916-7
Bekele, F., Sheleme, T., Fekadu, G., & Bekele, K. (2020). Patterns and associated factors of COVID-19 knowledge, attitude, and practice among general population and health care workers: A systematic review. SAGE Open Medicine, 8, 205031212097072. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050312120970721
Chan, J. F. W., Yuan, S., Kok, K. H., To, K. K. W., Chu, H., Yang, J., Xing, F., Liu, J., Yip, C. C. Y., Poon, R. W. S., Tsoi, H. W., Lo, S. K. F., Chan, K. H., Poon, V. K. M., Chan, W. M., Ip, J. D., Cai, J. P., Cheng, V. C. C., Chen, H., … Yuen, K. Y. (2020). A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. The Lancet, 395(10223), 514–523. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30154-9
Dost, B., Koksal, E., Terzi, Ö., Bilgin, S., Ustun, Y. B., & Arslan, H. N. (2020). Attitudes of Anesthesiology Specialists and Residents toward Patients Infected with the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): A National Survey Study. Surgical Infections, 21(4), 349–355. https://doi.org/10.1089/sur.2020.097
Durado, A. A., Tololiu, T. A., & Pangemanan, D. H. C. (2013). Hubungan Dukungan Orang Tua Dengan Konsep Diri Pada Remaja Di Sma Negeri 1 Manado. Jurnal Keperawatan UNSRAT, 1(1), 1–8.
Eastin, C., & Eastin, T. (2020). Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. The Journal of Emergency Medicine, 58(4), 711–712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2020.04.004
Elviani, R., Anwar, C., & Januar Sitorus, R. (2021). Gambaran Usia Pada Kejadian Covid-19. JAMBI MEDICAL JOURNAL “Jurnal Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan,” 9(1), 204–209. https://doi.org/10.22437/jmj.v9i1.11263
Falcón, G. C. S., Moncada, M. J. A., Rojas, T. C. S., Arias, G. F. G., Camacho, C. V. C., Correa, M. I. D. M. M., & Lluncor, E. M. L. (2022). Preventing COVID-19 as a nursing student through social networks in their family-social environment. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 75(1S Suppl 1), e20210631. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0631
Giao, H., Thi, N., Han, N., Khanh, T. Van, Ngan, V. K., Tam, V. Van, & An, P. Le. (2020). Knowledge and attitude toward COVID-19 among healthcare workers at District 2 Hospital , Ho Chi Minh City. 13(March), 260–265. https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.280396
Hatabu, A., Mao, X., Id, Y. Z., Kawashita, N., & Wen, Z. (2020). COVID-19 among university students in Japan and associated factors : An online cross- sectional survey. 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244350
Honarvar, B., Lankarani, K. B., Kharmandar, A., & Shaygani, F. (2020). Knowledge , attitudes , risk perceptions , and practices of adults toward COVID-19 : a population and field-based study from Iran. International Journal of Public Health, 2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-020-01406-2
Janz, N., & Marshall Becker. (1984). The Health Belief Model. A decade later. Health Education Quarterly, 11(1), 1–47.
Jasser, R. Al, Sarhan, M. Al, Otaibi, D. Al, & Oraini, S. Al. (2020). Awareness toward COVID-19 precautions among different levels of dental students in King Saud university, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 13, 1317–1324. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S267956
Jones, C. L., Jensen, J. D., Scherr, C. L., Brown, N. R., Christy, K., & Weaver, J. (2015). The Health Belief Model as an Explanatory Framework in Communication Research: Exploring Parallel, Serial, and Moderated Mediation. Health Communication, 30(6), 566–576. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2013.873363
Jose, R., Narendran, M., Bindu, A., Beevi, N., L, M., & Benny, P. V. (2021). Public perception and preparedness for the pandemic COVID 19: A Health Belief Model approach. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 9, 41–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2020.06.009
Jung, Y. M., & Kim, N. Y. (2022). Factors Affecting Preventive Health Behaviors against COVID-19 in Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095496
Karimy, M., Bastami, F., Sharifat, R., Heydarabadi, A. B., Hatamzadeh, N., Pakpour, A. H., Cheraghian, B., Zamani-Alavijeh, F., Jasemzadeh, M., & Araban, M. (2021). Factors related to preventive COVID-19 behaviors using health belief model among general population: a cross-sectional study in Iran. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11983-3
Li, J. Bin, Yang, A., Dou, K., Wang, L. X., Zhang, M. C., & Lin, X. Q. (2020). Chinese public’s knowledge, perceived severity, and perceived controllability of COVID-19 and their associations with emotional and behavioural reactions, social participation, and precautionary behaviour: a national survey. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09695-1
Li, M., & Wang, W. (2021). Educational disparities in covid-19 prevention in china: The role of contextual danger, perceived risk, and interventional context. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073383
Li, Q., Guan, X., Wu, P., Wang, X., Zhou, L., Tong, Y., Ren, R., Leung, K. S. M., Lau, E. H. Y., Wong, J. Y., Xing, X., Xiang, N., Wu, Y., Li, C., Chen, Q., Li, D., Liu, T., Zhao, J., Liu, M., … Feng, Z. (2020). Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(13), 1199–1207. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2001316
López-Bueno, R., López-Sánchez, G. F., Casajús, J. A., Calatayud, J., Gil-Salmerón, A., Grabovac, I., Tully, M. A., & Smith, L. (2020). Health-Related Behaviors Among School-Aged Children and Adolescents During the Spanish Covid-19 Confinement. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 8(September), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2020.00573
Mahindarathne, P. P. (2021). Assessing COVID-19 preventive behaviours using the health belief model: A Sri Lankan study. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 16(6), 914–919. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.07.006
Martini, S., Kusumawaty, I., Yunike, Detiana, & Nurung, J. (2021). Why not wearing mask during Covid-19 outbreak: Big question mark. Gaceta Sanitaria, 35, S546–S548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2021.10.094
Noreen, K., Zil-E- Rubab, Umar, M., Rehman, R., Baig, M., & Baig, F. (2020). Knowledge, attitudes, and practices against the growing threat of COVID-19 among medical students of Pakistan. PLoS ONE, 15(12 December), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243696
Norman, P., & Conner, M. (2016). Health behavior. The Curated Reference Collection in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Psychology, December 2015, 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809324-5.05143-9
Philips, V., & Wicaksono, T. Y. (2020). Karakter dan Persebaran Covid-19 di Indonesia. CSIS Commentaries, April, 1–12.
Qian, M., Wu, Q., Wu, P., Hou, Z., Liang, Y., Cowling, B. J., & Yu, H. (2020). Psychological responses, behavioral changes and public perceptions during the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in China: a population based cross-sectional survey. MedRxiv, 165, 1–13.
Raamkumar, A. S., Tan, S. G., & Wee, H. L. (2020). Use of health belief model–based deep learning classifiers for COVID-19 social media content to examine public perceptions of physical distancing: Model development and case study. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 6(3), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.2196/20493
Rana, I. A., Bhatti, S. S., Aslam, A. B., Jamshed, A., Ahmad, J., & Shah, A. A. (2021). COVID-19 risk perception and coping mechanisms: Does gender make a difference? International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 55(February), 102096. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102096
Rodriguez-Besteiro, S., Tornero-Aguilera, J. F., Fernández-Lucas, J., & Clemente-Suárez, V. J. (2021). Gender differences in the covid-19 pandemic risk perception, psychology and behaviors of spanish university students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18083908
Shahnazi, H., Ahmadi-Livani, M., Pahlavanzadeh, B., Rajabi, A., Hamrah, M. S., & Charkazi, A. (2020). Assessing preventive health behaviors from COVID-19: a cross sectional study with health belief model in Golestan Province, Northern of Iran. Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 9(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-020-00776-2
Shitu, K., Adugna, A., Kassie, A., & Handebo, S. (2022). Application of Health Belief Model for the assessment of COVID-19 preventive behavior and its determinants among students: A structural equation modeling analysis. PLoS ONE, 17(3 March), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263568
Sohrabi, C., Alsafi, Z., O’Neill, N., Khan, M., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosifidis, C., & Agha, R. (2020). World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). International Journal of Surgery, 76(February), 71–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.02.034
Soltan, E. M., El-Zoghby, S. M., & Salama, H. M. (2020). Knowledge, Risk Perception, and Preventive Behaviors Related to COVID-19 Pandemic Among Undergraduate Medical Students in Egypt. SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine, 2(12), 2568–2575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-020-00640-2
Tadese, M., Haile, A. B., Moltot, T., & Silesh, M. (2021). Perceived risk of covid-19 and related factors among university students in ethiopia during school reopening. Infection and Drug Resistance, 14, 953–961. https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S302126
Tadesse, T., Alemu, T., Amogne, G., Endazenaw, G., & Mamo, E. (2020). Predictors of Coronavirus Disease 2019 ( COVID-19 ) Prevention Practices Using Health Belief Model Among Employees in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020. Infection and Drug Resistance, 13, 3751–3761.
Tarkang, E. E., & Zotor, F. B. (2015). Application of the Health Belief Model (HBM) in HIV Prevention: A Literature Review. Science Publishing Group, 1(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20150101.11
Tong, K. K., Chen, J. H., Yu, E. W. yat, & Wu, A. M. S. (2020). Adherence to COVID-19 Precautionary Measures: Applying the Health Belief Model and Generalised Social Beliefs to a Probability Community Sample. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 12(4), 1205–1223. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12230
Tsai, F. J., Hu, Y. J., Chen, C. Y., Tseng, C. C., Yeh, G. L., & Cheng, J. F. (2021). Using the health belief model to explore nursing students’ relationships between COVID-19 knowledge, health beliefs, cues to action, self-efficacy, and behavioral intention: A cross-sectional survey study. Medicine, 100(11), e25210. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000025210
Umeizudike, K. A., Isiekwe, I. G., Fadeju, A. D., Akinboboye, B. O., & Aladenika, E. T. (2021). Nigerian undergraduate dental students’ knowledge, perception, and attitude to COVID-19 and infection control practices. Journal of Dental Education, 85(2), 187–196. https://doi.org/10.1002/jdd.12423
Zewdie, A., Mose, A., Sahle, T., Bedewi, J., Gashu, M., Kebede, N., & Yimer, A. (2022). The health belief model’s ability to predict COVID-19 preventive behavior: A systematic review. SAGE Open Medicine, 10, 205031212211136. https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121221113668
Zhao, S., Lin, Q., Ran, J., Musa, S. S., Yang, G., Wang, W., Lou, Y., Gao, D., Yang, L., He, D., & Wang, M. H. (2020). The basic reproduction number of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) estimation based on exponential growth in the early outbreak in China from 2019 to 2020: A reply to Dhungana. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 94, 148–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.02.025